Pierre de Fermat was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and an amateur mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to the calculus, including its adequality. In particular, he was recognized for his discovery of the original method of finding the largest and smallest coordinates of curved lines, analogous to the then unknown differential calculus, and research into number theory. He made important contributions to analytic geometry, probability, and optics.
Together with Rene Descartes, Fermat was one of the two leading mathematicians of the first half of the 17th century. According to Peter L. Bernstein, in his book Against the Gods, Fermat's "was a mathematician of rare power. He is an independent inventor of analytic geometry, he contributed to the early development of calculus, he conducted research on the weight of the earth, and he worked on the refraction of light and optics in trip which turned into an extended correspondence with Pascal, he made significant contributions to the theory of probability .. But Fermat was the peak achievement in number theory. "
About Fermat's work in analysis, Isaac Newton wrote that his own early ideas about calculus comes directly from "Fermat way of drawing tangents."
Labor theory of Fermat numbers, a large 20th-century mathematician André Weil wrote that "... what we have of methods to deal with curves of genus 1 is very coherent; still the basis for the modern theory of the curve. Naturally fall into two parts: the first one ... can easily be called the method of ascent, in contrast to the true descendants considered as Fermat himself "Regarding the use of Fermat's ascent, Weil continued," the new. consists in the use of which extended far Fermat made from it, giving him at least equivalent to most of what we will get by using the systematic nature of the theoretical group of rational points on cubic standard ". With his gift for the number of relationships and the ability to find evidence for many of his theorems, Fermat essentially created the modern theory of numbers.
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